Source file data formats were standardized and spill volumes were converted to. Plants can perform bioremediation through metabolism plants can draw chemicals in through their roots to metabolize toxins and release less toxic forms of that substance through. Useful for large volumes of oil, allowing significant recovery. We use oil to fuel our carstrucksbuses and so on as well as to heatlight up our homes. This is due to the fact that oil typically consists of different quantities of saturates, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins. This is the exxon valdez case study, 1989 looked at within lecture 11 case study 2.
Oil spills are harmful for marine life photo credit noaa and georgia department of natural resources, ccby 2. This is due to the fact that oil typically consists of different quantities of. Bioremediation of exxon valdez oil spill about epa us epa. Bioremediation of marine oil spills cell press bioremediation of marine oil spills. Oil buster xl absorbs oil, gasoline, diesel fuel and other hydrocarbons. Bioremediation of petroleum in the sea is limited by n and p availability.
This manual is a supplement of the previously published guidelines for the bioremediation of marine shorelines and freshwater wetlands zhu et al. Oil is used extensively in industries to power large machinery and equipment. Bioremediation of petroleum oil contaminated soil and water. Usually, mechanical removal of free oil is utilized as an effective. June 26, 2017 the deepwater horizon oil spill in the gulf of mexico in 2010 is one of the most studied spills in history, yet scientists havent agreed on the role of microbes in eating up the. Bioremediation is a promising technology for responding to marine oil spills. It is difficult to estimate the natural rates at which hydrocarbons are degraded in seawater following petroleum oil spills because much of the hydrocarbon is removed by chemical and physical processes. Oil spills endanger public health, imperil drinking water, devastate natural. Opa is the most recent and the most comprehensive effort by congress to deal with the harmful environmental impacts of oil spills. This page presents six large scale applications for bioremediation. Oil migrates down through soils, adsorbing to soil particles until it reaches groundwater, where oil constituents will dissolve in water, float on water surface lightend fraction or sink to bottom of water aquifer heavy heating fuel oil any constituent that dissolves in water will travel with flowing groundwater.
Oil is used in one way or another in our day to day activities. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the. The oil pollution act opa was signed into law in august 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the exxon valdez oil spill in alaskas prince william sound. Consideration should be given to seeding oil spills with hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Specific bacteria can be used to bioremediate specific contaminants, such as hydrocarbons, which are present in oil and gasoline. These spills may occur as a result of a physical harm to oil tankers that the ships carry or the damage to huge offshore oil platforms or mismanagement of workers at drilling rigs and oil wells.
Bioremediation oil spills list of high impact articles. Some of these methods, like in situ burning or the use of dispersal agents, do a lot of harm themselves. As a result of this accident, approximately 0 m 3 of diesel oil was released to the environment and freely flowed as a small stream, contaminating the loamy soil in that site. Oil spill cleanup may take days to years based on the properties and quantity of. This course explains what an oil spill is, describes the characteristics of an oil spill, and how to identify and control hazards during the response and cleanup phases of an oil spill. It contains chapters that outline and explain oil spills, their potential effects on the environment, how they are cleaned up, and how various agencies prepare for spills before they happen. Importance of bioremediation and its future prospects. Chemical and biological treatment of oil can be used in place of mechanical methods, especially in ar eas where untreated. Chapter two describes how mechanical equipment, such as booms and skimmers, is used to block the spread of oil, concentrate it into one area, and remove it from the water.
The activities are not a direct representation of marine oil spill bioremediation. While they are growing, record any changes you notice in the liquid in the flask bubbles, foam, changes in the oil layer on the top of the flask, color or opacity of the nutrient media, etc. The natural rapid attenuation of oil in the bp deepwater horizon spill is due to a number of parameters, for example, type of crude, offshore, jetting of the oil in to the deep. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution contingency plan 40 cfr part 300, referred to subsequently as the national contingency plan ncp, is the principal federal mechanism for operations pertaining to the identification, containment, and cleanup of releases of oil and hazardous substances in the coastal united states. The effectiveness of bioremediation for oil spills has been difficult to establish on dynamic, heterogeneous marine shorelines. The devastating effects on marine life from the exxon valdez spill in alaska and the spills during the gulf war due to destruction of oil reservoirs are well documented. This is when petroleum degrading bacteria and archaea are able to mediate oil spills most efficiently. Research concerning these issues has been given new momentum, in large part because the exxon valdez accident stimulated a general search for more effective methods to fight oil spills. Difficult to establish on dynamic heterogeneous marine shorelines. Physical and chemical approaches to cleanup oil spills are too expensive and create adverse effects. Oil spill bioremediation technologies epitomize modern environmental techniquesworking with natural processes to remove spilled oil from the environment while minimizing undesirable environmental impacts. Oil spills often cause destructive effects on aquatic and land ecosystems. Bioremediation for marine oil spills princeton university. Oil spill cleanup using bioremediation bioworld usa.
Cleans oil contaminated sites and postrefining oil residues oil spills into the aquatic and terrestrial environments are a not so uncommon occurrence. These oil spills can cause severe damage to sea and shoreline organisms whitfield, 2003. Oil spills are a global concern due to their environmental. Containment booms or bunds prevent oil spread, and they can be deployed as a barrier to protect unpolluted areas. Bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil and water. A patent was filed in 1974 by richard raymond, reclamation of hydrocarbon contaminated ground waters, which provided the basis for the commercialization of in situ bioremediation. Chapter 3, alternative countermeasures for oil spills us. The purpose of this booklet is to provide information about oil spills. Petroleum biodegradation and oil spill bioremediation. More info bioboom oil buster xl is used for hard surfaces such as asphalt or concrete. In the gulf of mexico oil spill, there was a large difference in the surface and deep water temperatures. The use of dispersants is a response option to combat oils spills at sea that has gained in.
Oil spill research strategy 1 introduction the environmental protection agencys epa oil spill research program has been in existence since 1990, following the exxon valdez oil spill and enactment of the oil pollution act of 1990 opa90. It is using of microorganisms and its enzymes to protect the environment from severe. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and. In 2001 the western operations of the shell petroleum development company spdc recorded a total of 115 incidences of oil spill in which 5,187. Some of the oil is photooxidized, the low molecular weight fractions are volatilized, and currents move the oil to shore andor out to sea. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler and mostly nontoxic ones.
Pdf crude oil production is the largest and most profitable business in the world. Oil spill cleanup workers can face potential hazards from oil byproducts, dispersants, detergents and degreasers. Oil spill response methods booms and skimmers bioremediation by oil eating bacteria edvokit 956 1. Oil spills threaten the health of both human lifestyle and environmental ecosystems. Oct 31, 2016 oil spill causes damage to plant life, aquatic species, coral, rocks etc. Bioremediation of exxon valdez oil spill epa press release july 31, 1989 based upon results of epas research program, the exxon corp. Oil spills are a major environmental concern in todays world. Bioremediation is an increasingly popular using microbial and algae strains for degrading waste contaminants. Different microorganisms are used in bioremediation such as bacteria, fungi and algae etc. Dramatic accidents and oil spills like the 2010 deepwater horizon disaster also known as the bp oil disastermake headline news. This method statement is by necessity generic and provides guidance for the approach to the remediation of unplanned spills of biofuel. These methods are most commonly used for oil spills in marine environments, not fresh water environments. Oil spill bioremediation 2 oil spill bioremediation introduction the oil spill is a serious matter because millions of gallons of oil enter the ocean yearly. This enables federal onscene coordinators to authorize the use of bioworld for oil spill cleanups.
Bioremediation regulatory requirements persons seeking to use insitu bioremediation as a remedial countermeasure should check with applicable state or local regulatory requirements. Bioremediation of oil spills using microorganism science. Teacher tips the activities in this kit are intended to simulate how oil degrading microbes can be used to break down petroleum after oceanic oil spills. One regulatory change that could help stimulate development of both bioremediation and other oil spill response technologies is for the federal government to allow occasional controlled oil spills for research and development purposes. Oil seepage into the ground may contaminate the water bodies and ground water pollution. This report updates the 2012 oil spill occurrence rate estimates applicable. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and cleanup in the mediterranean sea f. Although there are many effective oil spill cleanup products on the market, they fall into these categories. At the intersection of old pawling and nanny hill roads in new york state an oil delivery truck overturned spilling 4,200 gallons of heating oil onto the road and surrounding properties, including a regulated wetland and a stream that flows into the ten mile river.
The oil spill cleanup and recovery techniques are challenging and usually involve complex mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. Bioremediation techniques have become a major mechanism for removing oil residues on the affected shorelines. Less research has been conducted in these types of environments, so it is not yet known how well bioremediation would enhance oil removal. They found that the quantities of fertilizer npk i. However, oil spill bioremediation also suffers from another limiting factor, in the form of complex chemical nature of the oil, which results in varying susceptibility to microbial attack. Enhanced bioremediation of oil spills in the sea sciencedirect. Not only these but waste oil release and that of other petroleum products also constitute an oil spill. Role of microbes in oil spills remediation and degradation. Bioremediation as a tool for resiliency in oil spills abstract with an increase in boating, offshore drilling, and transportation of oil, coastal communities are in need of a plan to clean up waterways in the event of an offshore oil spill. Bioremediation of diesel oil contaminated soil and water sari kauppi department of environmental sciences faculty of biological and environmental sciences university of helsinki, lahti finland academic dissertation in environmental ecology to be presented, with the permission of the faculty of biological and environmental. Audio presentation a common application of cleaning up oil contaminated water.
Potential approaches to improving biodegradation of. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta. Oil spill bioremediation lab university of notre dame. Audio presentation bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and solvents. Inevitably, the spill has once again raised serious concerns worldwide about the likely environmental impact of such catastrophic oil spills caused by oil. May, 2000 the purpose of this fact sheet is to provide on scene coordinators and other decisionmakers with.
Usa today reported in 2010 that the number of spills in the us has more than quadrupled over the previous decade. Guidi2 1department of technical physics, sapienza university of rome, italy 2enea, department of fusion and nuclear technologies, italy abstract an oil spill is the accidental or intentional release of petroleum products into the. Audio presentation bioremediation of gulf oil spill, 2010 case study 3. With such a high consumption, oil spills are inevitable. Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. Background each year, millions of gallons of oil enter the worlds oceans. These microbes will reduce, oxidize, ferment, and demobilize the constituents of oil spills over time, and create innocuous compounds. The tragic exxon valdez oil spill in 1989, informed the united states of the lack of preparedness the oil industry and country had in such remediation situations. The natural rapid attenuation of oil in the bp deepwater horizon spill is due to a number of parameters, for example, type of crude, offshore, jetting of the oil in to the deepsea, rapid dissolution, and microbial adaption. In the world today, pollution of the environment is an ongoing struggle faced by lawmakers, manufacturers and communities. Listed above, the chemicals required and products formed in petroleum degradation are shown.
Mechanical and chemicalbiological spill response methods. The use of dispersants to combat oil spills in germany at. The diesel oil was concentrated especially in three ponds along the stream path, and over. Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. The opa90 authorizes the epa office of research and development ord to conduct oil spill research. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response pdf epa. Effectiveness of bioremediation for the exxon valdez oil spill. Abstract introduction methodology bioremediation of oil spills case study conclusion subtopics bio remediation in hot and cold environments use of nitrogen fi slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to. Spill cleanup of fuel contaminated soils after roadway. An oil spill is a leakage from oceangoing tankers, pipelines or other oil sources. Hydrocarbondegrading bacteria often produce bioemulsifiers. Guidelines for the bioremediation of oilcontaminated salt. Bp estimates oil spill rate up to 100,000 barrels per day.
Bioremediation was carried out by drilling a series of holes into the affected area and injecting a microbial formulation together with nutrients and biostimulants. Web alert bioremediation of oil spills an annotated selection of world wide web sites relevant to the topics in microbial biotechnology microbes cleaning up deepwater. The impact of oil pollution on marine ecosystems is profound and longlasting. Resources on oil spills, response, and restoration ftp directory. Manual removal of oil is a critical first step and when paired with bioremediation. Used oil strategy and work continues on oil spill contingency planning at. These organisms remove oil seepage and spilled oil from the marine and terrestrial environment. Bioremediation is any process that uses decomposers and green plants, or their enzymes, to improve the condition of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is a potentially important option for dealing with marine oil spills. Oil spills and water clean up brownfields or industrial storage facilities overflows, waste spills and accidents. One successful example of applying bioremediation in largescale cleanup is the mumbai oil spill of 2010, when oilzapper. Changes in crude oil production and distribution have increased the incidence of oil spills throughout the world. Soil bioremediation inc is a global supplier of environmental site remediation products for oil spills and land pollution cleanup, as well as hazardous waste management products and services.
In the world today, pollution of the environment is an ongoing struggle faced. We are dedicated to providing the highest level of customer care while restoring and improving the environment. Federal requirements are in subpart j of the national contingency plan ncp which requires the federal onscene. Each spill should be assessed and treated independently, taking into consideration the particular characteristics of the spill site, all of which will be unique. Therefore, the two main approaches to oil spill bioremediation are. Currently, there are limited methods for cleaning up oil spill which have reached the shoreline or which have spread over a large area. Bioworld hydrocarbon treatment is licensed by the state of california, department of fish and game, office of spill prevention and response as an oil spill cleanup agent. Oil buster xl provides nutrients for indigenous microbes thereby dramatically enhancing the natural bioremediation process.
Bioremediation as a tool for resiliency in oil spills. Oil spills pose hazards to both humans and wildlife, and adversely affect local ecosystems. This study originates from an accidental event of diesel oil contamination due to an overflow of a fuel storage tank. Effects of oil spills on marine and coastal wildlife1 ufifas edis. Containment booms were used to contain oil spilled during the 2010 deepwater horizon.
Oil spill bioremediation technologies epitomize modern environmental techniquesworking with natural processes to remove spilled oil from the environment while. Bioremediation of oil spills submitted by anchal garg environment science 2016 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Several of the biggest oil spills occurred close to coral reef areas a patent survey was led to assess innovation activity on ocean oil bioremediation deposits rises after reported spills show reactive behavior of innovation activities in the top10 microbial genera found in the patent documents, there is. After most of these catastrophes, such as the argo merchant oil spill off the coast of massachusetts, the oil has moved away from shorelines and not caused any detectable. Nov 02, 2017 bioremediation is emerging technology for the treatment of soil and ground water oil spills. Fact sheet bioremediation in oil spill response this fact sheet is to provide on scene coordinators and other decisionmakers with the latest information on evolving technologies that may be applicable for use in responding to an oil spill. The framework can be used to clarify the complexity of oil spill impacts, identify. The national oil and hazardous substances pollution. Chemical and biological agents are federally regulated for use on oil spills in the water.
Oilconsuming bacteria procedure the oilconsuming bacteria will need 12 weeks to grow and prosper. Oil migrates down through soils, adsorbing to soil particles until it reaches groundwater, where oil constituents will dissolve in water, float on water surface lightend fraction or sink to bottom of water aquifer heavy heating fuel oil any constituent that dissolves. Petroleum spill bioremediation in marine environments. If the spilled oil reaches shore, it damages the beaches and causes land pollution. Case study of bioremediation of soil contaminated by. Oil spills have become serious problem in cold environments with ever icrese in resource exploitation,transportation,storage and accidental lekage of oils bioremidation is a promising action for remidation it is effective and economic in removing oils with less undue environmental damages. This oil spill bioremediation lab was for students to. However, extensive oil extraction, transport and use have resulted in many accidental oil spills.
Feb 21, 2011 nanotechnologybased solutions for oil spills nanowerk spotlight the recent oil spill in the gulf of mexico is widely acknowledged to be among the worst ocean oil spills in world history. However, there were species of psychrophilic bacteria present that were highly efficient in metabolizing hydrocarbons. Rex specialists are trained to work with oil and pipeline. As the demand for liquid petroleum increases, the need for reliable and efficient oil spill cleanup techniques is inevitable. Microbial bioremediation of oil contaminated seawater. With the increase in anthropogenic activities, accidental and incidental spillage of oil has severely affected the environment, causing both ecological and economic damage. Interacting soil and pollutant chemicals truly account for the work that can be completed by these microorganisms. Consequently, the data that those directly responsible for fighting oil spillse. This section includes selected documents available online in pdf format.
The oil spill impacts the marine ecosystem and affects the deepwater horizon. Petroleum biodegradation since the first wreck of a supertanker in 1969 the torrey canyon oil spill in the english channel, there have been over 40 major marine oil spills. When oil is spilled into the sea it undergoes a number of physical and chemical. Aug 24, 2012 control of oil spills oil spills occur largely because there is a needdemand for oil has a source of energy. Bioremediation has shown a great potential and competitive privilege because of environment friendly and cost effective. Electronic resources on oil spills, response and restoration. Weathering and environmental factors play large roles in the success of bioremediation. Bioremediation is considered one of the most sustainable cleanup techniques but the potential has not been fully exploited. In the case of the bp deepwater horizon spill, the leak was capped on july 15. The most notable oil spills at sea involve large tankers, such as exxon valdez, which spilled thousands of tones oil paine et al. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
The increasing number of marine oil spills asks for effective solutions for the environment. Short and longterm health impacts of marine and terrestrial oil spills. They are understanding the arctic marine environment, oil spill response research, operations, logistics, and coordination for an arctic oil spill, and strategies for response and mitigation. What was the effectiveness of bioremediation for oil spills. Bioremediation of marine oil spills matt radermacher abstract bioremediation of marine oil spills has become a very practical approach to oil spill cleanup efforts in recent years. Oil properties and their impact on spill response options bsees. Bioremediation in oil spill response an information update on the use of bioremediation. It is a costeffective and environmentally sound remediation technology 4. The sun oil pipeline spill in ambler, pennsylvania spurred the first commercial usage of in situ bioremediation in 1972 to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated sites. Bacteria can be used to clean up oil spills in the ocean through bioremediation. Bioremediation methods for oil spills pace university. The consequence of oil pollution to environment and human health has brought a serious challenge to environmental scientists.
Environmental protection agencys oil spill program plays an important role in. Hydrophobic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the potential solution for the treatment of oil spills. The fate of spilled oil in the marine environment depends upon factors such. New study in 1989 shows that fertilizer applications significantly increased rates of oil biodegradation. Summary of information concerning the ecological and.